This document seeks to assess the social and gender issues relevant to agriculture, water resource management, and climate change in Tajikistan, and identifies actions to address these issues. It builds on previous reports prepared for the ongoing Water Resources Management in the Pyanj River Basin project. Based on analysis of most recent available data, this document assesses the needs, capacities, and constraints of affected people and groups, particularly women. An in-depth gender analysis is undertaken to examine the different roles, needs, and opportunities of women and men in relation to water resource management and climate change. This analysis will feed into the project Gender Action Plan.