The objective of the Gender Assessment is to provide the foundation for effective gender mainstreaming in the Green Climate Fund (GCF) project, “Transforming the Indus Basin with Climate Resilient Agriculture and Climate-Smart Water Management.” The Analysis examines the socioeconomic conditions of women and men targeted by the project and elucidates gender-specific roles, constraints and needs, thereby allowing a strategic approach to the integration of gender dimensions into the project, summarised as the Gender Action Plan (GAP). The underlying theory of change is: the project will create effective opportunities to empower women through paying sufficient attention to existing gender differences, which will allow communities in the Indus Basin to adapt to climate change in a sustainable manner.